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Probability
· History📜 History & Discovery
Girolamo Cardano wrote the first book on probability, Liber de Ludo Aleae (1560s), studying dice. In 1654 Pascal and Fermat exchanged famous letters on the "Problem of Points." Thomas Bayes published his theorem in 1763. Kolmogorov axiomatised probability rigorously in 1933.
⚡ 2026 Update
Every spam filter in your inbox runs Naive Bayes — multiplying P(word | spam) for each word in the email, then comparing the products. The exact same Bayes rule a Bank PO exam tests is what shields a billion users from junk mail every day.