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Graph Theory

· Formula

🧮 Formula Reference Sheet

Graph G = (V, E): vertices V and edges E
Degree: edges incident to a vertex
Handshake lemma: Σ deg(v) = 2|E|
Tree: connected, no cycles
N-vertex tree has N−1 edges
Eulerian circuit: every edge once → all degrees even

⚡ Example per formula

Graph G = (V, E): vertices V and edges E

V={A,B,C}, E={AB, BC} → 3 vertices, 2 edges

Degree: edges incident to a vertex

A connected to B,C → deg(A)=2

Handshake lemma: Σ deg(v) = 2|E|

Σ deg = 2|E|: triangle → 2+2+2 = 6 = 2×3

Tree: connected, no cycles

4 vertices in a tree → exactly 3 edges

N-vertex tree has N−1 edges

10 vertices → 9 edges

Eulerian circuit: every edge once → all degrees even

all degrees even → Eulerian circuit exists

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